Error Handling refers to the process of anticipating, detecting, and resolving errors or exceptions in a software application. It ensures that the program can gracefully recover from unexpected conditions without crashing or exposing sensitive information.

Types of Errors:
1. Syntax Errors: Occur during code compilation due to incorrect syntax.
2. Runtime Errors: Happen during program execution, such as division by zero or accessing a null reference.
3. Logical Errors: Stem from incorrect logic or assumptions, producing unintended results.

Common Techniques:
1. Try-Catch Blocks: Wrap potentially problematic code in a "try" block and handle errors in a "catch" block.
2. Error Codes and Messages: Return codes or messages to indicate the type of error encountered.
3. Graceful Degradation: Allows the system to maintain functionality even when a non-critical error occurs.
4. Logging: Records errors for later analysis and debugging.

Best Practices:
- Meaningful Messages: Provide clear and actionable error messages to developers and users.
- Avoid Silent Failures: Ensure that errors are logged or reported, even if they don’t disrupt the application.
- Boundary Testing: Test edge cases to minimize unhandled exceptions.
- Fail-Safe Mechanisms: Implement fallback strategies for critical operations.

Benefits:
- Improved User Experience: Prevents abrupt application crashes.
- System Reliability: Enhances overall stability and performance.
- Debugging Efficiency: Helps developers identify and fix issues faster.
- Error handling is fundamental in software development, promoting robust and user-friendly applications that can gracefully adapt to unexpected conditions.