Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security process that requires users to provide two or more forms of identification to access an account, system, or application. MFA significantly enhances security by requiring multiple proofs of identity, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access, even if they have stolen one form of credentials, like a password.

The three main types of authentication factors used in MFA are:

Something You Know: This is typically a password or PIN that the user knows.
Something You Have: A physical device like a smartphone, security token, or smart card that the user possesses.
Something You Are: Biometric factors like fingerprints, facial recognition, or retina scans.
An example of MFA in action is logging into an online banking account where you first enter your password (something you know) and then receive a one-time code on your smartphone (something you have), which you must enter to complete the login process.

MFA is used in a wide range of applications, from securing personal email accounts to protecting enterprise networks. It is especially effective against phishing attacks, where attackers steal passwords, but cannot access the second authentication factor. MFA can be implemented using various technologies, including SMS codes, authenticator apps, or hardware security keys.

In summary, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a critical security measure that requires users to provide multiple forms of verification, greatly reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access to sensitive systems or accounts. It provides an additional layer of protection beyond passwords, enhancing overall security.