Log rotation is the process of managing log files by systematically archiving, compressing, and deleting old logs to optimize storage and system performance. Log files are essential for tracking system activities, security events, and application performance. However, if not managed properly, they can grow uncontrollably, leading to excessive disk usage and making it difficult to analyze system logs efficiently.

Log rotation works by automatically renaming or compressing old log files and creating new ones based on predefined criteria such as file size, time intervals, or specific events. The rotation process helps prevent storage-related issues and maintains system efficiency. Many operating systems and applications have built-in tools to handle log rotation, such as logrotate on Linux, newsyslog on BSD, and Windows Event Log policies.

Key benefits of log rotation include:

Storage optimization: Prevents logs from consuming too much disk space.
Improved performance: Reduces the risk of system slowdowns caused by excessively large log files.
Easier log management: Simplifies the process of reviewing and analyzing logs.
Security and compliance: Ensures logs are stored for an appropriate duration, as required by standards like GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS.
Log rotation strategies can include time-based rotation (e.g., daily or weekly), size-based rotation (e.g., when a log file exceeds a set size), or hybrid approaches that combine both. Additionally, retention policies define how long logs are kept before deletion or archival.

Without proper log rotation, systems can experience failures due to full disk storage, making it difficult to troubleshoot issues or maintain security logs. Thus, log rotation is a critical practice in system administration and DevOps, ensuring that logs remain manageable, useful, and compliant with industry regulations.