Log Analysis is the process of collecting, reviewing, and interpreting log files generated by computer systems, networks, and applications. These logs record events and transactions that provide insights into system behavior, performance, and security. By analyzing logs, organizations can identify errors, detect anomalies, ensure compliance, and optimize operations.

Key Functions of Log Analysis
Error Detection: Identifying system errors, crashes, or misconfigurations.​
Security Monitoring: Detecting unauthorized access or suspicious activities.​
Performance Optimization: Understanding system performance and identifying bottlenecks.​
Compliance Auditing: Ensuring adherence to regulatory standards by maintaining and reviewing logs.​
User Behavior Analysis: Gaining insights into user interactions and behaviors.

Common Techniques in Log Analysis
Pattern Recognition: Identifying recurring sequences or anomalies in log data.​
Normalization: Standardizing log formats from various sources for consistent analysis.​
Correlation: Linking related events across different systems to understand complex incidents.​
Alerting: Setting up notifications for specific events or thresholds.​
Visualization: Using dashboards and graphs to represent log data for easier interpretation.

Tools for Log Analysis
Splunk: A platform for searching, monitoring, and analyzing machine-generated data.​
ELK Stack: A combination of Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana for log management and analysis.​
Graylog: An open-source log management tool that facilitates real-time analysis.​
Loggly: A cloud-based log management service for monitoring and analyzing logs.​