​The Linux kernel is the core component of the Linux operating system, acting as the critical interface between a computer's hardware and its processes. It manages system resources such as CPU, memory, and peripheral devices, ensuring efficient communication between hardware and software components. ​

Key Functions of the Linux Kernel:
Process Management: Handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes, allowing multiple applications to run concurrently.​
Memory Management: Oversees the allocation and deallocation of memory space to processes, ensuring optimal utilization of RAM.​
Device Drivers: Includes drivers that facilitate communication between the operating system and hardware devices, abstracting hardware complexities.​
File System Management: Manages data storage, retrieval, and organization on various storage devices through supported file systems.​
Networking: Provides protocols and mechanisms for data exchange between devices over networks.​

Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, the Linux kernel has evolved into a free and open-source project with contributions from developers worldwide. Its modular and monolithic architecture allows for the inclusion of various functionalities directly into the kernel while supporting loadable modules for extensibility. ​
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The Linux kernel's versatility enables it to power a wide range of devices, from servers and desktops to smartphones and embedded systems. Its open-source nature encourages collaboration and continuous improvement, making it a cornerstone of modern computing.