A Job Scheduling Algorithm is a method used to allocate system resources like CPU and memory to various tasks in an optimized manner. Scheduling is critical for ensuring efficient and fair execution in operating systems, cloud computing, and distributed systems.

Types of Scheduling
Preemptive Scheduling: Tasks can be interrupted and resumed later, allowing high-priority jobs to execute sooner. Examples include Round Robin and Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF).
Non-Preemptive Scheduling: Once a task starts, it runs to completion. Examples include First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) and Shortest Job Next (SJN).
Key Considerations
Throughput: Maximizing the number of tasks completed in a given time.
Latency: Minimizing the delay for high-priority tasks.
Fairness: Ensuring all tasks get access to resources.
Resource Utilization: Efficiently using CPU, memory, and other resources.
Scheduling algorithms are essential in cloud systems for balancing workloads across servers and in operating systems for ensuring smooth multitasking.