HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) is a streaming protocol created by Apple to efficiently deliver audio and video content over the internet. HLS divides the media stream into small, discrete chunks called segments, typically of 10 seconds or less. These segments are stored on a web server and transmitted to client devices over HTTP, making the protocol compatible with existing web infrastructure.

One of HLS’s standout features is adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR). This allows the client to automatically switch between different quality levels of the stream based on the user’s internet speed. For example, if a viewer’s connection slows down, the stream seamlessly transitions to a lower resolution, avoiding buffering. Conversely, when bandwidth improves, HLS upgrades the stream quality dynamically.

HLS is widely supported on a range of devices, including iPhones, iPads, Macs, Android phones, smart TVs, and desktops, ensuring broad accessibility. It supports live streaming and on-demand playback, and advanced features such as encryption for secure content delivery, subtitles, and DVR capabilities, which enable viewers to pause, rewind, or fast-forward live streams.

Content creators, broadcasters, and streaming services commonly use HLS because of its reliability and scalability. Industries like sports, entertainment, and education rely on HLS to deliver content to massive audiences with consistent quality. The protocol’s seamless integration with Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) ensures low latency and smooth streaming experiences, even for geographically distributed viewers.

As video consumption continues to dominate the internet, HLS remains a foundational technology for streaming solutions, balancing compatibility, quality, and performance.